Tuberculosis As A Contagious Disease - 765 Words

Tuberculosis commonly called TB is a mortal contagious sickness that is able to affect any system in the body, but it stabilizes mostly in the pulmonary system.TB is caused by a microorganism called the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.According to Minnesota department Of Health, St. Paul MN, for the year of 2008 there were approximately nine million cases and two million death from Tuberculosis happening throughout the world. From those estimate cases, there were 59% of TB cases in the US happening between the new born foreigners. In addition, in 2008 the rate of occurrence of TB in Minnesota (4.0 per 100,000 population) was less than the global rate of occurrence in the United States (4.2 per 100,000 population) (public health) Although Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, it is not transmissible by physical contacts. In addition Tb cannot be transmitted by kissing, touching even if a person is being in contact with a positive patient s clothing. However, TB is able to transmit from a mother to an unborn baby, if she has the active microorganism in the lungs. The fact that the baby is connected to the mother’s placenta by the umbilical cord, therefore, she/he is able to breath in the bacteria. In addition, Tuberculosis is able to transmit from person to another, this happen when a positive person caught, sneezes, or laughs he/she spreads some tiny microorganism called droplet nuclei in the air; those small droplet nuclei has the ability to stay aliveShow MoreRelatedTuberculosis As A Contagious Disease1641 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Tuberculosis? Tuberculosis, TB for short, is an ancient disease that has been around even before the first recorded disease in the history. This disease can be foun d in Egyptian mummies from 4000 BC. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or tubercle bacillus (Centers for disease, 2011). Tuberculosis is primarily a disease of the lungs, but the TB bacterium can also travel through blood stream and attack any part of the body like kidney, spine and brain (Hamann, 1994). AccordingRead MoreTuberculosis As A Contagious Disease Essay927 Words   |  4 Pages Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease that could cause death if it is not treated. TB is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it affects the lungs and other human organs (Frith, 2014). Tuberculosis is an airborne disease that could be transmitted by sneezing, coughing, and speaking. According to world health organization (WHO), 9.6 million people were affected by Tuberculosis and 1.5 million died from the disease in 2014 worldwide. 9,421 cases of Tuberculosis wereRead MoreTuberculosis ( Tb ) Is A Airborne And Contagious Infectious Disease Caused By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacilli Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChapter One: Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a airborne and contagious-infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, usually establishes its infection in the lungs and known as pulmonary tuberculosis also can affect other sites and known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Rodrigo,2006; Comas,2009). Human Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem for both developed and developing countries , is the second cause of death in worldwide, after the human immunodeficiencyRead MoreEssay on History of Tuberculosis1494 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Tuberculosis Abstract This paper discusses the historical aspect of the fatal and contagious disease now known as tuberculosis. It discusses the history of Tuberculosis beginning with Ancient Egyptian mummies to the most current discovery of TB. Greek philosopher such as Hippocrates and Plato observed the first cases of tuberculosis. They are two out of the many people that gradually discovered the TB out of the many. It talks about the different remedies that different philosophersRead MoreTuberculosis : A Serious Infectious Disease967 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Tuberculosis? It is a serious infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. The disease is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Even though it usually attacks the lungs, it can easily damage other parts of the body as well. The bacteria can spread in tiny droplets released into the air when a person that has Tuberculosis of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or talks. The Tuberculosis bacteria causes’ death of tissue in the organs they infect. Infection is most likelyRead MoreTuberculosis ( Tb ) Is A Chronic Bacterial Infection That Affects Millions Of People Globally1377 Words   |  6 PagesTUBERCULOSIS Jillian Gasper Kaplan University Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systemsRead MoreTuberculosis As A Infectious Disease1339 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections commenced to increment more rapidly. A person with HIV has an impotent immune system which is not able to fight infectionsRead MoreTuberculosis As A Infectious Disease1329 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections began to increase more rapidly. A person with HIV has a weak immune system which is not able to fight infectionsRead MoreTuberculosis : An Infectious Bacterial Disease1541 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis is a very known disease worldwide. Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease illustrated by the expansion of the tubercles that are in the tissue, mainly in the lungs. This disease is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a rod shaped bacterium. Tuberculosis has claimed its victims throughout much of known human history. It reached epidemic proportions in Europe and North America during the 1 8th and 19th centuries, earning the sobriquet, Captain Among these Men of DeathRead MoreCommunicable Disease : Prevention And Prevention1195 Words   |  5 PagesCommunicable disease is described as the infection which is transmitted from one person to other either direct or indirect (Smith, 2009). Communicable disease can occurs anywhere in the country, but knowing the basic understanding of cause, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention can control the infection and disease process. The basic knowledge about disease and prevention can help people to understand about how to control the environment and protect them from disease. There are multiple communicable

Aborts are Legal Essay - 853 Words

Abortion is not easy decision, but women has made that choice for hundreds years, for many different reasons. Since 1973 abortions are legal in the United States, but we have some people who still are disagree with this position. They are talking about religion, that children are viewed as a gift from the Lord, about the health, and about the moral side of the issue. Should a fetus have rights equal or superior to woman’s? We can find many reasons for abortions and against it, but I think women have the legal right to make their own decision. The illegal abortions done in back alleys are become dangerous, expensive and humiliating. The reason for abortion can basically be divided into three categories. These categories are based upon the†¦show more content†¦In addition, to the fact that abortions kill innocent human beings, anti-abortionists believe that they also damage the mental, as well as physical condition of the mother. Since, after an abortion a mother is more susceptible to breast cancer, and to periods of depression. In the case of congenital defects, the pro-life activists argue that such indications of a disease, do not guarantee that the child will be born into a life of suffering. They believe that through love, and guidance anyone with any form of deformity or disease, can lead a normal life. The cases pertaining to rape also have different anti-abortionists views. Many anti-abortionists believe that the child can actually help the mother get through the turbulent times in her life, by providing each other with a loving environment. Finally, in the case of economics, the pro-life activi sts believe that having an abortion due to financial reasons is ridiculous. Because, it doesn’t mean that the child will have a life full of isolation and depression. The pro-life activists argue that there are also numerous welfare programs for such families. We can plan our lives, but we also know that life full of surprises, sometimes not very good surprises. Often a woman has to make the hard decision, when it is absolutely necessary, to choose to have an abortion, in secret, without medical care, in dangerous circumstances. Thousands of women have died! To be able to choose a safe, legal abortion makes manyShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The Abortion Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesyears old. Abortion has been legal in most of the state s, political parties think that it should continue to be the way it is and others think it should of change because it is damaging many people not only them but also the mother. Somehow they should not continue to pass that law . Texans passed a law of abortion and the Texans are over reacting to that law. However, people on the other side conclude that the supreme court should pass a law of not letting it be legal for to have an abortion. ThereRead MoreAbortion: Making a Case Against It Essay854 Words à ‚  |  4 Pagesdone by taking this drug (Abort 73). A therapeutic abortion is an induced pregnancy performed when the health of the mother would be endangered if the pregnancy continued (Abortion Funk Wagnalls). A curettage abortion is a procedure where the baby’s limbs are suctioned out of the mother’s womb. Afterwards any parts of the body will be scraped out using a surgical instrument called a curette. In 2010, about eighty-one percent of abortions were performed this way (Abort 73). There are many side effectsRead MoreAbortion Is Not Only Hurt The Baby1644 Words   |  7 Pagesembryo or fetus before violability is an abortion. When this happens spontaneously, the word miscarriage is used, the word abortion being kept for the intended removal of the fetus from the uterus. (Oxford, 2001). A woman who has taken the decision to abort, they can only do it during their first, second and third trimester. Abortion does not only hurt the baby but also the person who is i nvolved in this situation and can affect that person not only mentally but also psychological. In some countries,Read MoreAbortion in Thai Perspective1106 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion or some says â€Å"miscarriage† has a long story and can be dated back to our ancient civilization such as China, Egypt, and Roman empires. There are several evidences to indicate that abortion is committed since ancient time. There are many ways to abort fetus inside mother’s stomach which are considered all inhumane, however, people still doing it till this very day. There are three main methods of abortion which people use around the world which are, medical abortion, surgical abortion, and otherRead MoreSelf-Induced Abortion Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesAn immigrant woman regrets getting pregnant and wants to abort her child. The immigrant woman fears of being deported back to her country, so she decides to abort her own child without going to the Hospital to get a proper procedu re. Immigrant women, like this one, are deciding to abort their own baby instead of leaving the procedure to medical experts. Many consequences arise when immigrant women used different types of methods to abort their child because the fear of deportation or being shun byRead MoreEssay on Abortion: A Womans Right to Choose1174 Words   |  5 Pages1973 abortions were as high as about 1.2 million per year (National Abortion Federation). The 1973 court case called Roe v. Wade opened up the possibility for women to decide to legally and safely abort or not. Jane Roe was the representation of all the women that wanted to have the right to abort in a legal and safe manner and her voice was heard and acknowledged. In the other hand, the attorney Henry Wade defended abortion being illegal, yet his point of view on the subject was not able to overcomeRead MoreThe Case Of Roe V. Wade972 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst 28 weeks of pregnancy. Inasmuch as it is true, in our society abortion is an extremely controversial subject, however, it is also safe to say that it is a very opinionated matter between those who do and do not believe in it. Abortion has been legal in the United States since the case of Roe v. Wade in the winter of 1973 labeling it as a â€Å"fundamental right†, it has since been a moral issue within our society. The decision to terminate ones own pregnancy is in their own hands and the effects ofRead MoreIs Abortion Right Or Wrong?924 Words   |  4 Pagesminute, step back, and think of other options such as adoption. Many couples that want children cannot get pregnant. Some out there wants your child, whether it is you or someone else that cannot have their own child. With our state having abortion legal is like telling people that it is okay to get pregnant and then kill a human that is alive and growing within their stomach. â€Å"Women have a moral right to decide what to do with their bodies.† (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/mother/for_1Read MoreAbortion: Pro-Life and Pro-Choice694 Words   |  3 Pagespro-choice abortion should be given the light of day and with this, there will be room for people to make informed choices and decisions on the matter. The facts on abortion have been grossly misconceived so that it can look so evil and sinful to abort but the following are the facts that surround the issue of abortion hence the reasons for my support for pro-choice stand: Almost all the abortions take place in the first trimester of the pregnancy when the fetus cannot independently exist. ThisRead MoreAbortion Should Be Legalize764 Words   |  3 Pagesright to decide what’s right for them and what’s not. It should be legal because people should be given the right to decide whether or not they’re ready or not to bring someone else into the world and provide for them. Abortion of course is a terrible thing, you have to put yourself under the knife and actually think â€Å"am I really going to go through with this, is this what I want?† No matter what, no one really wants to abort their child; there is always more to it. Some people feel that if they

The Host Chapter 21 Named Free Essays

I kept tight to Jeb’s side, a little in front of him. I wanted to be as far as possible from the two men following us. Jamie walked somewhere in the middle, not sure of where he wanted to be. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 21: Named or any similar topic only for you Order Now I wasn’t able to concentrate much on the rest of Jeb’s tour. My attention was not focused on the second set of gardens he led me through-one with corn growing waist-high in the blistering heat of the brilliant mirrors-or the wide but low-ceilinged cavern he called the â€Å"rec room.† That one was pitch-black and deep underground, but he told me they brought in lights when they wanted to play. The word play didn’t make sense to me, not here in this group of tense, angry survivors, but I didn’t ask him to explain. There was more water here, a tiny, noxiously sulfurous spring that Jeb said they sometimes used as a second latrine because it was no good for drinking. My attention was divided between the men walking behind us and the boy at my side. Ian and the doctor did mind their manners surprisingly well. No one attacked me from behind-though I thought my eyes might get lodged in the back of my head from trying to see if they were about to. They just followed quietly, sometimes talking to each other in low voices. Their comments revolved around names I didn’t know and nicknames for places and things that might or might not have been inside these caves. I couldn’t understand any of it. Jamie said nothing, but he looked at me a lot. When I wasn’t trying to keep an eye on the others, I was often peeking at him, too. This left little time to admire the things Jeb showed me, but he didn’t seem to notice my preoccupations. Some of the tunnels were very long-the distances hidden beneath the ground here were mind-boggling. Often they were pitch-black, but Jeb and the others never so much as paused, clearly familiar with their whereabouts and long since accustomed to traveling in darkness. It was harder for me than it was when Jeb and I were alone. In the dark, every noise sounded like an attack. Even the doctor’s and Ian’s casual chatter seemed like a cover for some nefarious move. Paranoid, Melanie commented. If that’s what it takes to keep us alive, so be it. I wish you would pay more attention to Uncle Jeb. This is fascinating. Do what you want with your time. I can only hear and see what you hear and see, Wanderer, she told me. Then she changed the subject. Jamie looks okay, don’t you think? Not too unhappy. He looks†¦ wary. We were just coming into some light after the longest trek so far in the humid blackness. â€Å"This here is the southernmost spur of the tube system,† Jeb explained as we walked. â€Å"Not super convenient, but it gets good light all day long. That’s why we made it the hospital wing. This is where Doc does his thing.† The moment Jeb announced where we were, my body froze and my joints locked; I skidded to a halt, my feet planted against the rock floor. My eyes, wide with terror, flickered between Jeb’s face and the face of the doctor. Had this all been a ruse, then? Wait for stubborn Jared to be out of the picture and then lure me back here? I couldn’t believe I’d walked to this place under my own power. How stupid I was! Melanie was just as aghast. We might as well have gift-wrapped ourselves for them! They stared back at me, Jeb expressionless, the doctor looking as surprised as I felt-though not as horrified. I would have flinched, ripped myself away from the touch of a hand on my arm, if the hand had not been so familiar. â€Å"No,† Jamie said, his hand hesitantly resting just below my elbow. â€Å"No, it’s okay. Really. Right, Uncle Jeb?† Jamie looked trustingly at the old man. â€Å"It’s okay, right?† â€Å"Sure it is.† Jeb’s faded blue eyes were calm and clear. â€Å"Just showing you my place, kid, that’s all.† â€Å"What are you talking about?† Ian grumbled from behind us, sounding annoyed that he didn’t understand. â€Å"Did you think we brought you here on purpose, for Doc?† Jamie said to me instead of answering Ian. â€Å"Because we wouldn’t do that. We promised Jared.† I stared at his earnest face, trying to believe. â€Å"Oh!† Ian said as he understood, and then he laughed. â€Å"That wasn’t a bad plan. I’m surprised I didn’t think of it.† Jamie scowled at the big man and patted my arm before removing his hand. â€Å"Don’t be scared,† he said. Jeb took up where he’d left off. â€Å"So this big room here is fitted up with a few cots in case anyone gets sick or hurt. We’ve been pretty lucky on that count. Doc doesn’t have much to work with in an emergency.† Jeb grinned at me. â€Å"Your folks threw out all our medicines when they took over things. Hard to get our hands on what we need.† I nodded slightly; the movement was absentminded. I was still reeling, trying to get my bearings. This room looked innocent enough, as if it were only used for healing, but it made my stomach twist and contract. â€Å"What do you know about alien medicine?† the doctor asked suddenly, his head cocked to the side. He watched my face with expectant curiosity. I stared at him wordlessly. â€Å"Oh, you can talk to Doc,† Jeb encouraged me. â€Å"He’s a pretty decent guy, all things considered.† I shook my head once. I meant to answer the doctor’s question, to tell them that I knew nothing, but they misunderstood. â€Å"She’s not giving away any trade secrets,† Ian said sourly. â€Å"Are you, sweetheart?† â€Å"Manners, Ian,† Jeb barked. â€Å"Is it a secret?† Jamie asked, guarded but clearly curious. I shook my head again. They all stared at me in confusion. Doc shook his head, too, slowly, baffled. I took a deep breath, then whispered, â€Å"I’m not a Healer. I don’t know how they-the medications-work. Only that they do work- they heal, rather than merely treating symptoms. No trial and error. Of course the human medicines were discarded.† All four of them stared with blank expressions. First they were surprised when I didn’t answer, and now they were surprised when I did. Humans were impossible to please. â€Å"Your kind didn’t change too much of what we left behind,† Jeb said thoughtfully after a moment. â€Å"Just the medical stuff, and the spaceships instead of planes. Other than that, life seems to go on just the same as ever†¦ on the surface.† â€Å"We come to experience, not to change,† I whispered. â€Å"Health takes priority over that philosophy, though.† I shut my mouth with an audible snap. I had to be more careful. The humans hardly wanted a lecture on soul philosophy. Who knew what would anger them? Or what would snap their fragile patience? Jeb nodded, still thoughtful, and then ushered us onward. He wasn’t as enthusiastic as he continued my tour through the few connecting caves here in the medical wing, not as involved in the presentation. When we turned around and headed back into the black corridor, he lapsed into silence. It was a long, quiet walk. I thought through what I’d said, looking for something that might have offended. Jeb was too strange for me to guess if that was the case. The other humans, hostile and suspicious as they were, at least made sense. How could I hope to make sense of Jeb? The tour ended abruptly when we reentered the huge garden cavern where the carrot sprouts made a bright green carpet across the dark floor. â€Å"Show’s over,† Jeb said gruffly, looking at Ian and the doctor. â€Å"Go do something useful.† Ian rolled his eyes at the doctor, but they both turned good-naturedly enough and made their way toward the biggest exit-the one that led to the kitchen, I remembered. Jamie hesitated, looking after them but not moving. â€Å"You come with me,† Jeb told him, slightly less gruff this time. â€Å"I’ve got a job for you.† â€Å"Okay,† Jamie said. I could see that he was pleased to have been chosen. Jamie walked beside me again as we headed back toward the sleeping-quarters section of the caves. I was surprised, as we chose the third passageway from the left, that Jamie seemed to know exactly where we were going. Jeb was slightly behind us, but Jamie stopped at once when we reached the green screen that covered the seventh apartment. He moved the screen aside for me but stayed in the hall. â€Å"You okay to sit tight for a while?† Jeb asked me. I nodded, grateful at the thought of hiding again. I ducked through the opening and then stood a few feet in, not sure what to do with myself. Melanie remembered that there were books here, but I reminded her of my vow to not touch anything. â€Å"I got things to do, kid,† Jeb said to Jamie. â€Å"Food ain’t gonna fix itself, you know. You up to guard duty?† â€Å"Sure,† Jamie said with a bright smile. His thin chest swelled with a deep breath. My eyes widened in disbelief as I watched Jeb place the rifle in Jamie’s eager hands. â€Å"Are you crazy?† I shouted. My voice was so loud that I didn’t recognize it at first. It felt like I’d been whispering forever. Jeb and Jamie looked up at me, shocked. I was out in the hallway with them in a second. I almost reached for the hard metal of the barrel, almost ripped it from the boy’s hands. What stopped me wasn’t the knowledge that a move like that would surely get me killed. What stopped me was the fact that I was weaker than the humans in this way; even to save the boy, I could not make myself touch the weapon. I turned on Jeb instead. â€Å"What are you thinking? Giving the weapon to a child? He could kill himself!† â€Å"Jamie’s been through enough to be called a man, I think. He knows how to handle himself around a gun.† Jamie’s shoulders straightened at Jeb’s praise, and he gripped the gun tighter to his chest. I gaped at Jeb’s stupidity. â€Å"What if they come for me with him here? Did you think of what could happen? This isn’t a joke! They’ll hurt him to get to me!† Jeb remained calm, his face placid. â€Å"Don’t think there’ll be any trouble today. I’d bet on it.† â€Å"Well, I wouldn’t!† I was yelling again. My voice echoed off the tunnel walls-someone was sure to hear, but I didn’t care. Better they come while Jeb was still here. â€Å"If you’re so sure, then leave me here alone. Let what happens happen. But don’t put Jamie in danger!† â€Å"Is it the kid you’re worried about, or are you just afraid that he’ll turn the gun on you?† Jeb asked, his voice almost languid. I blinked, my anger derailed. That thought had not even occurred to me. I glanced blankly at Jamie, met his surprised gaze, and saw that the idea was shocking to him, too. It took me a minute to recover my side of the argument, and by the time I did, Jeb’s expression had changed. His eyes were intent, his mouth pursed-as if he were about to fit the last piece into a frustrating puzzle. â€Å"Give the gun to Ian or any of the others. I don’t care,† I said, my voice slow and even. â€Å"Just leave the boy out of this.† Jeb’s sudden face-wide grin reminded me, strangely, of a pouncing cat. â€Å"It’s my house, kid, and I’ll do what I want. I always do.† Jeb turned his back and ambled away down the hall, whistling as he went. I watched him go, my mouth hanging open. When he disappeared, I turned to Jamie, who was watching me with a sullen expression. â€Å"I’m not a child,† he muttered in a deeper tone than usual, his chin jutting out belligerently. â€Å"Now, you should†¦ you should go in your room.† The order was less than severe, but there was nothing else I could do. I’d lost this disagreement by a large margin. I sat down with my back against the rock that formed one side of the cave opening-the side where I could hide behind the half-opened screen but still watch Jamie. I wrapped my arms around my legs and began doing what I knew I would be doing as long as this insane situation continued: I worried. I also strained my eyes and ears for some sound of approach, to be ready. No matter what Jeb said, I would prevent anyone from challenging Jamie’s guard. I would give myself up before they asked. Yes, Melanie agreed succinctly. Jamie stood in the hallway for a few minutes, the gun tight in his hands, unsure as to how to do his job. He started pacing after that, back and forth in front of the screen, but he seemed to feel silly after a couple of passes. Then he sat down on the floor beside the open end of the screen. The gun eventually settled on his folded legs, and his chin into his cupped hands. After a long time, he sighed. Guard duty was not as exciting as he’d been expecting. I did not get bored watching him. After maybe an hour or two, he started looking at me again, flickering glances. His lips opened a few times, and then he thought better of whatever he was going to say. I laid my chin on my knees and waited as he struggled. My patience was rewarded. â€Å"That planet you were coming from before you were in Melanie,† he finally said. â€Å"What was it like there? Was it like here?† The direction of his thoughts caught me off guard. â€Å"No,† I said. With only Jamie here, it felt right to speak normally instead of whispering. â€Å"No, it was very different.† â€Å"Will you tell me what it was like?† he asked, cocking his head to one side the way he used to when he was really interested in one of Melanie’s bedtime stories. So I told him. I told him all about the See Weeds’ waterlogged planet. I told him about the two suns, the elliptical orbit, the gray waters, the unmoving permanence of roots, the stunning vistas of a thousand eyes, the endless conversations of a million soundless voices that all could hear. He listened with wide eyes and a fascinated smile. â€Å"Is that the only other place?† he asked when I fell silent, trying to think of anything I’d missed. â€Å"Are the See Weeds†-he laughed once at the pun-â€Å"the only other aliens?† I laughed, too. â€Å"Hardly. No more than I’m the only alien on this world.† â€Å"Tell me.† So I told him about the Bats on the Singing World-how it was to live in musical blindness, how it was to fly. I told him about the Mists Planet-how it felt to have thick white fur and four hearts to keep warm, how to give claw beasts a wide berth. I started to tell him about the Planet of the Flowers, about the color and the light, but he interrupted me with a new question. â€Å"What about the little green guys with the triangle heads and the big black eyes? The ones who crashed in Roswell and all that. Was that you guys?† â€Å"Nope, not us.† â€Å"Was it all fake?† â€Å"I don’t know-maybe, maybe not. It’s a big universe, and there’s a lot of company out there.† â€Å"How did you come here, then-if you weren’t the little green guys, who were you? You had to have bodies to move and stuff, right?† â€Å"Right,† I agreed, surprised at his grasp of the facts at hand. I shouldn’t have been surprised-I knew how bright he was, his mind like a thirsty sponge. â€Å"We used our Spider selves in the very beginning, to get things started.† â€Å"Spiders?† I told him about the Spiders-a fascinating species. Brilliant, the most incredible minds we’d ever come across, and each Spider had three of them. Three brains, one in each section of their segmented bodies. We’d yet to find a problem they couldn’t solve for us. And yet they were so coldly analytical that they rarely came up with a problem they were curious enough to solve for themselves. Of all our hosts, the Spiders welcomed our occupation the most. They barely noticed the difference, and when they did, they seemed to appreciate the direction we provided. The few souls who had walked on the surface of the Spiders’ planet before implantation told us that it was cold and gray-no wonder the Spiders only saw in black and white and had a limited sense of temperature. The Spiders lived short lives, but the young were born knowing everything their parent had, so no knowledge was lost. I’d lived out one of the short life terms of the species and then left with no desire to return. The amazing clarity of my thoughts, the easy answers that came to any question almost without effort, the march and dance of numbers were no substitute for emotion and color, which I could only vaguely understand when inside that body. I wondered how any soul could be content there, but the planet had been self-sufficient for thousands of Earth years. It was still open for settling only because the Spiders reproduced so quickly-great sacs of eggs. I started to tell Jamie how the offensive had been launched here. The Spiders were our best engineers-the ships they made for us danced nimbly and undetectably through the stars. The Spiders’ bodies were almost as useful as their minds: four long legs to each segment-from which they’d earned their nickname on this planet-and twelve-fingered hands on each leg. These six-jointed fingers were as slender and strong as steel threads, capable of the most delicate procedures. About the mass of a cow, but short and lean, the Spiders had no trouble with the first insertions. They were stronger than humans, smarter than humans, and prepared, which the humans were not†¦ I stopped short, midsentence, when I saw the crystalline sparkle on Jamie’s cheek. He was staring straight ahead at nothing, his lips pressed in a tight line. A large drop of salt water rolled slowly down the cheek closest to me. Idiot, Melanie chastised me. Didn’t you think what your story would mean to him? Didn’t you think of warning me sooner? She didn’t answer. No doubt she’d been as caught up in the storytelling as I was. â€Å"Jamie,† I murmured. My voice was thick. The sight of his tear had done strange things to my throat. â€Å"Jamie, I’m so sorry. I wasn’t thinking.† Jamie shook his head. â€Å"‘S okay. I asked. I wanted to know how it happened.† His voice was gruff, trying to hide the pain. It was instinctive, the desire to lean forward and wipe that tear away. I tried at first to ignore it; I was not Melanie. But the tear hung there, motionless, as if it would never fall. Jamie’s eyes stayed fixed on the blank wall, and his lips trembled. He wasn’t far from me. I stretched my arm out to brush my fingers against his cheek; the tear spread thin across his skin and disappeared. Acting on instinct again, I left my hand against his warm cheek, cradling his face. For a short second, he pretended to ignore me. Then he rolled toward me, his eyes closed, his hands reaching. He curled into my side, his cheek against the hollow of my shoulder, where it had once fit better, and sobbed. These were not the tears of a child, and that made them more profound-made it more sacred and painful that he would cry them in front of me. This was the grief of a man at the funeral for his entire family. My arms wound around him, not fitting as easily as they used to, and I cried, too. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said again and again. I apologized for everything in those two words. That we’d ever found this place. That we’d chosen it. That I’d been the one to take his sister. That I’d brought her back here and hurt him again. That I’d made him cry today with my insensitive stories. I didn’t drop my arms when his anguish quieted; I was in no hurry to let him go. It seemed as though my body had been starving for this from the beginning, but I’d never understood before now what would feed the hunger. The mysterious bond of mother and child-so strong on this planet-was not a mystery to me any longer. There was no bond greater than one that required your life for another’s. I’d understood this truth before; what I had not understood was why. Now I knew why a mother would give her life for her child, and this knowledge would forever shape the way I saw the universe. â€Å"I know I’ve taught you better than that, kid.† We jumped apart. Jamie lurched to his feet, but I curled closer to the ground, cringing into the wall. Jeb leaned down and picked up the gun we’d both forgotten from the floor. â€Å"You’ve got to mind a gun better than this, Jamie.† His tone was very gentle-it softened the criticism. He reached out to tousle Jamie’s shaggy hair. Jamie ducked under Jeb’s hand, his face scarlet with mortification. â€Å"Sorry,† he muttered, and turned as if to flee. He stopped after just a step, though, and swiveled back to look at me. â€Å"I don’t know your name,† he said. â€Å"They called me Wanderer,† I whispered. â€Å"Wanderer?† I nodded. He nodded, too, then hurried away. The back of his neck was still red. When he was gone, Jeb leaned against the rock and slid down till he was seated where Jamie had been. Like Jamie, he kept the gun cradled in his lap. â€Å"That’s a real interesting name you’ve got there,† he told me. He seemed to be back to his chatty mood. â€Å"Maybe sometime you’ll tell me how you got it. Bet that’s a good story. But it’s kind of a mouthful, don’t you think? Wanderer?† I stared at him. â€Å"Mind if I call you Wanda, for short? It flows easier.† He waited this time for a response. Finally, I shrugged. It didn’t matter to me whether he called me â€Å"kid† or some strange human nickname. I believed it was meant kindly. â€Å"Okay, then, Wanda.† He smiled, pleased at his invention. â€Å"It’s nice to have a handle on you. Makes me feel like we’re old friends.† He grinned that huge, cheek-stretching grin, and I couldn’t help grinning back, though my smile was more rueful than delighted. He was supposed to be my enemy. He was probably insane. And he was my friend. Not that he wouldn’t kill me if things turned out that way, but he wouldn’t like doing it. With humans, what more could you ask of a friend? How to cite The Host Chapter 21: Named, Essay examples

Promissory and Proprietary Estoppel †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Promissory and Proprietary Estoppel. Answer: Introduction: The issue of the case is to analyse whether the agreement signed between Tom and Susan was valid in nature or not. It has been observed in the case that prior to the marriage, Tom asked Susan to sign a document and the same contained certain terms and Susan put her signature on the document. The conditions of the agreement were that if the marriage between the two has broken, Susan will get only $100.000. After five years of happy conjugal life when the marriage was dissolved, Susan get the contracted money only and her husband denied to give her other allowances. The main theme of the case has concerned the prerequisite of duress (Feldman 2015). It is a provision under the contract law that states the grounds of cancellation of the enforceability of contractual compulsions. It is a sort of protection to the contracting party who has been forced to give his consent over certain agreements. When a person forced to sign a contract because the other party to the contract have threatened him to sign the same, the legality of the agreement becomes unenforceable (Tamblyn 2017). Necessary provisions regarding duress has been engraved under Section 50 of the Australian Consumer Act. The term duress is applicable when one party to a contract signed an agreement forcefully and the other party had generated threat. It has been observed in Barton v Armstrong [1973] UKPC 27 that Alexander had threatened Barton to kill him if he had not paid a certain amount of money. Privy Council cancelled the validity of the contract on the ground of duress. In Skeate v Beale [1840] 11 Ad El 983, it was observed that the tenant became agree with the repayment when the property owner threatened to sell all his goods (Fried 2015). In the given case study, it has been observed that Tom had threatened Susan that if she did not give her consent over the agreement, he will not marry her. Therefore, it is observed that it attracts the provision of threat, predominantly mental threat. It has been observed that the circumstances compelled her to sign the agreement. One of the terms of the valid contract is free consent. In this case, there was no free consent present on behalf of Susan and she has been forced to sign the document. The issue in the case is whether Steve is bound by law to buy the car from Jason. It has been observed in this case that Steve was searching for a turbo engine car and Jason had installed all the requirements of Steve and Steve told him that he would buy the car only after the fulfilment of all the desires. It has been observed that Jason had installed all the requirements and after this too, Steve was refused to buy the car. The alleged matter of the case is attracting the provision of the promissory estoppels (Lee 2015). According to this legal doctrine if a promise had been made to a person, it is not essential that one should pursue all the formal deliberation and the promise maker has to keep the same in case the promisee relied on the promise (Robertson 2014). Under the Australian Contract law, provision of promissory estoppels has been engraved. The main essential of the doctrine are: A promise should have to be made by one party; The other party must rely on the terms of the promise; The outcome of such reliance shall bear detrimental effect. In the present case, it has been observed that Steve was looking for a car and came across the advertisement of Jason and went to inspect the car for several times (Price 2013). It has been observed that he made a promise to Jason that if all his desires regarding the car can be fulfilled, he will buy the car. Relying on the facts of the case, Jason had installed the requirements and invested certain amount of money. However, Steve, on later stage, denied buying the car. Here the law of promissory estoppels will be applicable (Mungan and Seidenfeld 2016). The major issues of the case are whether Carl has done any negligent work or not and whether Harry can have any defence against Carl or not. It has been observed in this case that Carl is a fisherman and a sushi chef. Therefore, it is no doubt to state that he bears certain responsibilities regarding the same and to take care of his duties with all aspects. The matter of the case is attracting the provision of negligence. In Australia, the term negligence has been defined under the stipulation of Torts law. There are certain values that will constitute the negligence. It has been mentioned under the Australian Act that if the defendant had failed to perform his duties properly and the outcome of the same cause harm to the other person. One of the historical case regarding the same is Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 where it has been proved that the manufacturer has owed certain duties to the customer and if he failed, he will be liable for the same. The principle regarding the breach of duties was also observed in case of Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 3 Bing. N.C. 467. In this case, it has been stated that Carl was a chef but not skilled one. Harry was a friend of him. Carl served a fish dish to him without followed the rules regarding the cooking of the fish. Carl was failed to inspect the nature of the fish and he had not even clean the fish properly. It has been observed that Harry became ill by consuming the poisonous fish. Law that any person may sue the defendant before the competent court of jurisdiction and claim damage regarding the same has provided it. However, law also provides certain defences for the interest of the defendant. In this case, Harry knew the fact that Carl was not a skilled chef and therefore, there are certain risks regarding the recipe made by him. Therefore provision of voluntary assumption of risk can be applied to the victim. The provision regarding the same has been engraved under section 16 and 17 of the Civil Liability Act. It is no doubt to state that the activity of Carl has attracted the provision of the negligence, however, he has certain defences available against the victim. The main issue of the present case is to decide whether Betty accrues any right under the Australian Consumer Law. The facts of the case depict that an advertisement was made on behalf of Apple I-phone that consists of certain features of the phone. The features posted on the advertisement attracted Betty and she had ordered the same. However, when she gets the product, she observed that the quality of the same is inferior in nature to that of the advertisement. There are certain necessary rules mentioned under the Australian Consumer Act regarding the same matter and in this case the provision of misleading or deceptive advertisement will be applied (Richards 2013). It has been mentioned under section 18 of the Consumer law that if a person sustain certain injury regarding the deceptive advertisement, the company will be held liable under this provision. The Australian High court has confirmed the necessity of section 18 of ACL in Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd [2013] HCA 54. Certain provision of section 29 will also be applied here. The main theme of this section is to go against the false and misleading representation made against any goods. Provision of section 35 regarding bait advertisements will also be applied here. It has been observed in this case that Betty has ordered an Apple set based on an advertisement and the set has been delivered to her. After releasing the set form the package, Betty realised that the set is different than the advertised one and it is inferior in quality. Therefore, Betty can claim damage under section 18 of the Australian Consumer law. It has also been proved that a misleading representation has been made in this case. The provision of the case is also attracts the provision of the statutory duties also and therefore, the section 56 of the Australian Consumer Law will also applicable here. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that Betty accrues right under section 18, 29, 35 and 49 of the Australian Consumer Law regarding the same. Reference: Faerber, A.E. and Kreling, D.H., 2014. Content analysis of false and misleading claims in television advertising for prescription and nonprescription drugs. Journal of general internal medicine, 29(1), pp.110-118. Feldman, S.W., 2015. Pre-Dispute Arbitration Agreements, Freedom of Contract, and the Economic Duress Defense: A Critique of Three Commentaries. Clev. St. L. Rev., 64, p.37. Fried, C., 2015. Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. Kim, N.S., 2014. Situational Duress and the Aberrance of Electronic Contracts. Chi.-Kent L. Rev., 89, p.265. Lee, R., 2015. Promissory Estoppel and Proprietary Estoppel: A Response to the Myth of a Unifying Approach. King's Student L. Rev., 6, p.iii. Mungan, M.C. and Seidenfeld, M., 2016. Investments to Make Threats Credible, Rent-Seeking, and Duress. Supreme Court Economic Review, 23(1), pp.341-351. Price, W.N., 2013. Legal implications of an ethical duty to search for genetic incidental findings. The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(2), pp.48-49. Richards, J., 2013. Deceptive advertising: Behavioral study of a legal concept. Routledge. Robertson, A., 2014. Three Models of Promissory Estoppel. Browser Download This Paper. Tamblyn, N., 2017. The Law of Duress and Necessity: Crime, Tort, Contract. Routledge. Velasco, J., 2014. A Defense of the Corporate Law Duty of Care.